Federation Queen Anne style

Yes they are fussy buildings, but they're also great fun to see!

Caerleon, located in Bellevue Hill, Sydney, was the first Queen Anne Style home constructed in Australia.

Look at the whimsy, the theatricality!
How many other Australian Houses give so much satisfaction to the viewer?
Can you see an elaborately dressed woman with a laced bonnet in her features?
The Queen Anne style promoted 'Sweetness and Light' and shows a feminine decorative influence, compared to the more muscularFederation Bungalow style with its solid turned verandah columns.

TV Star: Architect John Horbury Hunt designed Camelot at Camden in the late 1880's

Derived from English and American styles that revived elements from the domestic country architecture of Queen Anne’s reign (1702-14), these picturesque Federation houses are deliberately complex, creating a kind of vigorous grandeur.

Plans invariably have one room projected forward, (assymetrical frontage) covered with a gable,
often with other gabled rooms projecting sideways from the main body of the house - www.buildingcommission.com.au

We distinguish between
Queen Anne, also known as Free Classical style for commercial buildings
American Queen Anne, and
Federation Queen Anne styles, also known as Federation Free Classical style.
Queen Anne style houses built before Federation are well represented in Melbourne's inner suburbs, where they were built in (gold-mining) boom times of the 1870s and 1880s. (See Melbourne Queen Anne page)

English Queen Anne style house, Maida Vale, London - no verandah

English "Queen Anne" (revival) style:

This was an English style promoted by famous architectRichard Norman Shaw, and probably was derived from imported Dutch, Queen Anne period, and English cottagestyles.
This style combined fine red brickwork, often in a warmer, softer finish than the Victorians were characteristically using...
varied with terracotta panels, or tile-hung upper stories,
with crisply painted white woodwork, or blond limestone detailing:
oriel windows, often stacked one above another,
corner towers, asymmetrical fronts and picturesque massing,
Flemish mannerist sunken panels of strapwork,
deeply shadowed entrances, broad porches, in a domesticated free Renaissance style

The Queen Anne (revival) style of period house lasted for the second half of the 19th century, from 1860 until 1900.

It has no real connection with the architecture of Queen Anne herself who reigned from 1702 to 1714,^[1](although her sister Mary married William of Orange, who then invaded and ascended to the throne of England, bringing with him a host of Dutch influences, including gabled architecture, and sash windows).
This illustration (above) shows a very Dutch gable, with other strong Dutch architectural influences outlined below.

Australian Federation Queen Anne Style

As described by Vincent Crow, Haberfield Historian ("National Trust Heritage Festival 2013: Haberfield Garden Suburb")
illustrations from Roscraig, 21 Mortimer Avenue Mount Stuart, Tasmania; click a thumbnail picture to view a larger image

Roof	Gabled, high-pitched roof made of slate or terracotta tiles. surmounted by terracotta ridging with finials, tall chimneys
Walls	Bare, tuck-pointed bricks often of two tones red bricks across the facade sometimes browner 'town' bricks on side walls
Windows	Double hung, or casement; formal rooms have leadlight glass windows bay windows to the front; fanlights and transom windows of coloured glass
Doors	Doors have leadlight in upper part of door, may have leadlight glass in surrounding door-set
Verandah	Verandah across at least part of the facade (frontage) Later homes often have a 'return' verandah; Square or turned verandah posts with decorative timber work Floor of patterned tiles
In General	Usually asymmetrical design ('picturesque'), Formal bedroom projects forward from house The massing of the building (eg most features) toward the front of the house Art Nouveau influence evident in the flowing, curved designs of leadlight, tiling, and timber fretwork Nationalistic representations both within the interior and on the exterior of the house

Queen Anne style includes....

Burwood's (NSW) 'Alba Longa' 4 Appian Way with Gothic tower, red brick walls and white-painted window woodwork. Even the garden is period style, the better to see this fanciful home

classical but without following the rules of proportion
hipped roofs with steep sides (imitating English country thatched cottage roofs)
lead or copper coated cupolas over turrets andoriels.
ribbed chimney-stacks
gables, either straight or (curvy) Dutch
tile-hung walls, in red brick
Dutch or Flemish door surrounds i.e. pilasters, half round stucco design over top
three-sided bay windows (rather than the second-storey oriels used in England)
brick pediments and pilasters
white-painted woodwork
sash windows with small panes in the upper half
or casement windows with leaded lights
fan-lights (windows above doors, including internal doors)
brick aprons below (bay) windows
fretwork, verandah friezes or wrought iron work
decorative terracotta embellishments with designs such as sunflowers (UK only)
- from Bricks & Brass


The Carson Mansion, located in Eureka, California, is widely considered to be one of the highest executions of American Queen Anne style.	Tudor styled 'West Maling', Queen Anne Federation home, 663-665 King Georges Road Penshurst, Sydney This style was also called Tudor revival

In Australia, the Queen Anne style was absorbed into the Federation style,

which was, broadly speaking, the Australian equivalent of the Edwardian style,
derived from the influence of Richard Norman Shaw, an influential British architect of the late Victorian era.

Federation Queen Anne style

often showed tudor-style woodwork and elaborate fretwork that replaced the Victorian taste for wrought iron.
Verandahs were usually a feature,
Images of the rising sun and Australian wildlife (to replace the English use of sunflowers);
Circular windows, (bullseyes)
turrets and towers with conical or pyramid-shaped roofs." -from Wikipedia

Gothic styled 'Olmora' 308 Burwood Rd, Queen Anne Federation home, Burwood, Sydney with characteristic white painted woodwork, finial on turret, terracotta ridge ornaments

Outside

steeply pitched roofs, with at least one gable end facing the street and often an octagonal turret

widespread ornamentation, including terracotta ridge cappings, finials, dragons and gargoyles (more so in Victoria);
fretted frieze panels and post brackets, squared verandah posts,
chimney cornices and terracotta pots
leadlight windows and fretwork featuring patterns ranging from geometric to extravagant art nouveau designs - www.buildingcommission.com.au

Inside

ceilings often divided into panels ornamented with plaster straps and shallow patterns with (delicate) art nouveau motifs
frequent use of timber panelling on lower walls in front rooms
fire-places and ingle-nooks (seated fire surrounds).

Elaborate Gothic Queen Anne designed 'Vallambrosa' 19 Appian Way, Burwood, Sydney
Walls with picturerails and sometimes wall-paper, using art nouveau patterns
pressed metal or painted plaster -www.buildingcommission.com.au

Distinctive Features:

Front verandas with elaborate timber decoration
Bay windows using quadruple casements,
Tiling on the patio floor and entry paths
Brickwork in a deep red or dark brown, often with a mix of the two
Roofs of typically slate or terracotta tiles with decorative gables,
Roofs have timber features, motifs, tall chimneys andfretwork
'Witches Hat' roofing
Decorative leadlight windows
Circular windows (known as bulls-eye windows)

Internally

Plasterwork,
High ceilings
Timber features.

The style as it developed in Australia was highly eclectic, blending Queen Anne elements with various Australian influences.

Urrbrae House, Urrbrae,

Old English characteristics like ribbed chimneys and gabled roofs were combined with Australian elements like encircling verandahs, designed to keep the sun out.
One outstanding example of this eclectic approach is Urrbrae House, in the Adelaide suburb of Urrbrae, South Australia, part of the Waite Institute. See also Urrbrae House, Glen Osmond
Another variation with connections to the Federation Queen Anne style was the Federation Bungalow, featuring prominent verandahs. This style generally incorporated familiar Queen Anne elements, but usually in simplified form.

Some prominent examples are:

West Maling, corner of Penshurst Avenue and King Georges Road,Penshurst, Sydney
in Haberfield, a suburb of Sydney, which showcases about 750 architect-designed Federation homes, all different, now heritage protected - http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/haberfield - see the work of Vincent Crow
Homes, in Appian Way, Burwood, Sydney

'Colonna' 304 Burwood Road

'Olevanus' 6 Appian Way

'Amalfi' 2 Appian Way

'Vallambrosa' 19 Appian Way

'Mevania' 7 Appian Way

Caerleon, 15 Ginahgulla Road, Bellevue Hill Sydney (sold for $22 million in January 2008)
Annesbury, 78 Alt Street, Ashfield

Annesbury, 78 Alt Street, Ashfield

Caerleon, Bellevue Hill

Caerleon is a two-storey Queen Anne home built in 1885 in Bellevue Hill, Sydney NSW. The house, was designed for a member of the Fairfax family, Charles B.Fairfax. The architectural design was English.

Caerleon is a two-storey Queen Anne home built in 1885

This house represents a rich example of Queen Anne elements:

red brick walls with stone dressing, terracota shingles,
balconies, bay windows, verandahs,
leadlight windows and elaborate chimneys.
It is said to have been the first Queen Anne home in Australia and
set the tone for the Federation Queen Anne homes that were to become so popular (i.e. no Gothic influence)
It was sold for $22 million in January, 2008.