Friday, December 30, 2011

Architects of Federation Housing

Architects of Federation Housing in Australia

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Melbourne Architects

From the Dictionary of Melbourne, Architecture

"Younger (Melbourne) architects shared (an) interest in changeful, often asymmetrical forms and empathy.
Grace Park Estate, Hawthorn
Grace Park Estate, Hawthorn

But they focused on the emerging British and American arts and crafts 'Free Style' architectures, variously and inappropriately dubbed 'Queen Anne' or 'American Romanesque'. These...
  • expressed materials and interior circumstance more directly,
  • had freer internal plans and
  • accentuated structure and links to local climate, nature and even perceived social patterns.

"This shift was informed by national sentiment, and led to a new fusion, Federation architecture, evident in
  • more centralised plans where possible,
  • plain brick or timber exteriors,
  • complex roofs drawing wings and porches together under a hipped, tiled homestead form.

Warwillah
Warwillah

Image ©2011 Walking Melbourne
Warwillah - a Transitional Modern Gothic/Queen Anne design with an asymmetrical facade.
It has a prominent gable with pointed arches and colonettes and a great stained glass window.




From around 1887 Melbourne leaders were Alfred Dunn in Hawthorn and Toorak, Christopher Cowper in Hawthorn and Camberwell (Grace Park, Broadway), Arthur Fisher in St Kilda, A.B. Rieusset in Caulfield, Henry Kemp and Beverley Ussher in Essendon, Kew and Canterbury.

After 1900 **Harold Desbrowe-Annear**, Robert Haddon, Nahum Barnet, Walter Butler, Rodney Alsop and others moved to new levels of open planning, new materials and Art Nouveau balances of line and plane, while maintaining formal origins in Federation architecture.
  • Haddon's Fourth Victoria Building alterations of 1912 and Swinburne College Art School of 1917 epitomise the new simplicity of form, echoed in contemporary Smith Ogg & Serpell designs, probably also involving Haddon:
  • Milton House (1900-02),
  • Eastbourne Terrace (1901), and
  • The Kilkenny Inn, Lonsdale Street (1915).

The following illustrations and citations are from "Walking Melbourne"
English Queen Anne style additions were constructed using Marseille pattern terra cotta tiles on a gable roof with half timbered gable ends.
Image ©2011 Walking Melbourne



  • Majella Mansion
    Majella Mansion
    Majella Mansion
    Built: 1913
    Large Edwardian mansion with cruved features and prominent gables.
    Image ©2011 Walking Melbourne




  • Avalon
    Avalon
    Avalon Mansion
    Built: 1903
    This large mansion reads as a an Edwardian terrace from its southern side with a long timbered verandah divided into ornate bays and sections with a pavillionstyled roofline.
    Image ©2011 Walking Melbourne

A range of arts and crafts influences including Tudor and American Romanesque, featuring red brick and terracotta tiled roof.
Image ©2011 Walking Melbourne



These featured houses are from the "Review of B-grade Buildings in Kew, Camberwell & Hawthorn" which is prepared by the city of Boroondara as a contribution to the development of Federation (architecture).
Camberwell residence designed by architect N P Anerson
Camberwell residence designed by architect N P Anderson

The Bungalow, (became) the major suburban mode of (domestic housing) around 1915-26.

  • Canterbury home of architect C H Richardson
    Canterbury home of architect C H Richardson
    Federation form was simplified to basically four-square 'servantless houses'.

  • Open corners or porches replaced return verandahs, and a new horizontality and Japanese detailing stemmed from an influential US Bungalow movement.

  • Witness Oakden & Ballantyne's Martin house, Malvern (1908).

Balwyn bungalow possibly designed by Graeme Butler
Balwyn bungalow possibly designed by Graeme Butler

Melbourne Bungalows differed from their generally more solid and densely packed Sydney counterparts, had a heavier grain than Brisbane stump-house Bungalows and were tighter - visually and physically - than spreading Adelaide Bungalows.
  • Contained and sheltering, they fitted Australia's inward-turning 1920s mood and were usefully cheap in that uneven economy.
  • Bungalows proliferated in subdivisions of ostensibly older suburbs like Richmond, Brunswick and Northcote,
  • and dominated bayside housing from St Kilda to Portsea.

Leading architects included Marcus Barlow, the Tompkins brothers, G.B. Leith and the State Savings Bank office.

Designer-builder real estate firms, from Dunlop & Cornwell in Murrumbeena to Algernon Elmore in Blackburn, extended packaged design and financing that marks housing construction to this day.
  • The Bungalow could stretch to churches (Mount Pleasant Uniting, Nunawading, 1917; Church of Christ, Balwyn, 1926),
  • railway stations (Mentone, Hampton),
  • and even walk-up flats - 'Manhattan bungalows' - in Prahran and South Yarra.
  • They were not simply one-storeyed: 'Bungalow' meant informal, healthy living and shelter at day's end, resonant notions after the Great War and its influenza pandemic.

Bungalow form was moderated by other, conspicuously applied styles later in the 1920s and the early to mid-1930s. These included
  • suburban Tudor and French Provincial modes, and
  • Spanish Mission gained lustre from Hollywood, a new metropolis for Australia's imagination.

Subdivisions in the 1920s and 1930s such as the Golf Links and Hassett estates in Camberwell and fringe suburbs - East Malvern, Ashburton and Ivanhoe - all reflected this shift.

Australiana decoration in Federation houses

[Previous page: Killara Federation Home Next page: Architects of Federation Housing]

Ian Evans writes that:"Federation-style houses constitute a unique statement of patriotism in architectural form.
  • The rising sun emblem that appeared on countless gable ends symbolised the dawn of a new age for Australia and was itself adopted as a national symbol.
  • After more than a century of British cultural domination Australians had begun to find inspiration in their own country and in its remarkable flora and fauna.
  • For the first time, the flowers, birds and animals of the bush were used to decorate plaster, pressed metal, glass, terracotta and fretworked timber."

Federation Cornice

external image f.ashx?v=1939
In 1910 the Commonwealth of Australia was created by the federation of the states. In a new spirit of nationalism an attempt was made to create a distinctive Australian style.
external image f.ashx?v=473

The Federation style borrowed much from previous periods but some distinctive features evolved, particularly the use of motifs derived from native Australian plants and trees.
external image logo.gif

CN454


Ceiling:
300.00 mm
Wall:
275.00 mm
Length:
3.25 m
These scenes from 19th centurary Australia depict the spirit of the country at the time of federation. An historic and very Australian cornice.
external image f.ashx?v=278

CN424



Ceiling:
110.00 mm
Wall:
110.00 mm
Length:
3.60 m
Federation decoration often included images of Australian native flora. Cornice Cn424 shows wattle leaves.

CN451

external image f.ashx?v=282
Ceiling:
110.00 mm
Wall:
120.00 mm
Length:
3.60 m
The gum nut is essentially Australian.
Cornice CN451 uses the gum nut to express its Australian federation quality.
A great cornice for kids rooms or any room where you want something uniquely Australian.





CN35

external image f.ashx?v=284
Ceiling:
77.00 mm
Wall:
95.00 mm
Length:
3.60 m
Cornice CN35 is another gumnut themed cornice. It can be used on lower ceilings but other wise has the same Australian quality.

Killara Federation Home

Killara Federation home - 38 Karranga Avenue Killara

[Previous Page: Deveraux Farm W.A. Next page: Australiana decoration in Federation houses]

Beautifully restored Federation residence

  • Classic Federation in prestige east side location 6 minutes walk to station.
  • Meticulously maintained and impeccably presented the home is set in 1,315M of exquisite, private gardens with heated pool and spa. Building Area:379 sqm Land Area: 1315 Square Metres
  • Return verandah, central hallway, lead light windows, open fireplaces, polished timber floors, high ornate ceilings and large light filled rooms add to the charm.
  • Gracious lounge and separate formal dining with superb original timber work, marble fireplaces and lovely Kauri timber floors.
Federation home - 38 Karranga Avenue Killara
Federation home - 38 Karranga Avenue Killara

Original tiled verandah, leadlight windows, verandah frieze
Original tiled verandah, leadlight windows, verandah frieze

Leadlight windows, original fireplace, interior wooden door trim
Leadlight windows, original fireplace, interior wooden door trim

Dining room shows bay window and pressed metal ceiling
Dining room shows bay window and pressed metal ceiling

Breakfast and sunroom with original wooden ceiling
Breakfast and sunroom with original wooden ceiling

Federation Garden features box hedges and roses
Federation Garden features box hedges and roses

Ornamental garden with topiary
Ornamental garden with topiary


Original article at Domain SMH:

Deveraux Farm W.A.

Deveraux Farm W.A.

[Previous Page: Babworth House, grand Federation Arts and Crafts-style mansion Next page: Killara Federation Home]

One of the **most grandiose properties**in Australia, and one of Western Australia's largest properties, Devereaux Farm boasts an internationally-recognised polo field, two helipads, two swimming pools, a tennis court, its own river and dam, two mansions and three cottages. There is also 81 hectares of spare land that already has approval to be sub-divided into 16 titles.

The sprawling Devereaux Farm has been withdrawn from the market days before it was expected to fetch at least $50 million at an auction.
Devereaux Farm in Bullsbrook, near Perth
Devereaux Farm in Bullsbrook, near Perth

This house is obviously a fine example of Federation Filigree style, reminiscent of a grand Queenslander, but has been extensively remodelled and little internal Federation features remain. In fact, any valuable features seem to have been fully removed.

Tthe property was formerly owned by **failed businessman** Ric Stowe. Read more....

The ornamental glass work around the entrance has a Victorian style, with no coloured glass remaining.
Grand entrance to Deveraux Farm Homestead
Grand entrance to Deveraux Farm Homestead


Grand staircase with Art Nouveau wrought iron decoration
Grand staircase with Art Nouveau wrought iron decoration

The wrought iron balustrades have a Florentine design, probably not original? Note that dogs and/or small children have been barred from the upper floors.
Elegant tiling and staircase
Elegant tiling and staircase

The timber frieze with simple infill looks original. A bullnose verandah roof typical of Queenslander style verandahs is visible further down with exposed rafters also typical of the period.
Decorative Timber treatment to verandahs
Decorative Timber treatment to verandahs

The chapel in Queen Anne style with decorative barge boards has a distinctive bullseye stained glass window, which appears to be the only remaining example of original Federation glass work in the property.
Chapel on the impressive Bullsbrook property, Deveraux Farm
Chapel on the impressive Bullsbrook property, Deveraux Farm

The (jarrrah?) log beams reflect an American rural influence. The sandstone walls or facing are at odds with the timber above.
The rooms have been remodelled and lack definitive treatment; however the jarrah floors still look magnificent.
Main entertainment area has log beams and timbered eaves
Main entertainment area has log beams and timbered eaves

Transom windows above the doors and windows would originally have been decorated with glass leadlight.
Remodelled Dining Room
Remodelled Dining Room


The impressive Bullsbrook property, Deveraux Farm.
The impressive Bullsbrook property, Deveraux Farm.

See more photos: Picture gallery:

Babworth House, grand Sydney Federation mansion

Babworth House, grand Sydney Federation Arts and Crafts-style mansion

Darling Point, Sydney
[Previous Page: Edzell House, Melbourne's very grand mansion Next page: Deveraux Farm W.A.]

external image 01-600x400.jpgBuilt in 1912-1915, Babworth House is a grand Federation Arts and Crafts-style mansion that was adapted to apartments eight years ago. Built 1912-1915; Renovated 2002; Situated at 1 Mount Adelaide Street, Darling Point, Sydney, NSW.
Read more...

Babworth House is an excellent example of the use of timber decoration in Federation style.
Note external rafters
Note external rafters

Coffered ceilings using heavy cedar beams
Coffered ceilings using heavy cedar beams

external image 04-600x400.jpg
Timber architraves and floor treatment
Timber architraves and floor treatment

Beautiful timber treatment of doorways in a grand style
Beautiful timber treatment of doorways in a grand style

Note external rafters
Note external rafters

Federation Garden Features: box hedge, feature walkway
Federation Garden Features: box hedge, feature walkway

Edzell House, Melbourne's very grand mansion

Edzell House, 1892 Toorak mansion

Previous Page: [Daceyville Garden Suburb] Next Page: [Babworth House, grand Federation Arts and Crafts-style mansion]
Lovely Edzell was built in 1892 and is a heritage-protected mansion in the Elizabethan Revival style.
Lovely Edzell was built in 1892 and is a heritage-protected mansion in the Elizabethan Revival style.


Historic Edzell House, an example of Melbourne grandeur


Edzell House, one of Melbourne's very grand mansions, has been relisted for sale. Sources expect the estate could fetch about $11 million. It is located in the coveted St Georges Road at number 76.
external image 76-St-Georges-Road-Toorak-VIC_20_1024-600x400.jpg
The mansion is set on an elevated 6023-square-metre block on the Yarra River, and offers postcard river and city skyline views over Richmond.

Edzell House Toorak. Photo: prestigepropertymelbourne.com.au
Edzell House Toorak. Photo: prestigepropertymelbourne.com.au

The heritage-protected mansion was built in 1892. It has been described as Queen Anne Revival but Elizabethan Revival is a better fit.
Edzell House Toorak. Photo: prestigepropertymelbourne.com.au

Dame Nellie Melba performed private concerts in the grand ballroom of the 30-plus room mansion.

The property is listed on the register of the National Estate not just because of its association with Spivakovsky's father and Dame Nellie Melba. The mansion's age as well as its outstanding architecture make it a Melbourne icon.

The architects who designed it were the highly respected Reed
Edzell House Toorak. Photo: prestigepropertymelbourne.com.au
Edzell House Toorak. Photo: prestigepropertymelbourne.com.au

Smart & Tappin and on top of all of that, it was built for Melbourne mayor, James Cooper Stewart.

Stewart had migrated from Edinburgh and built the Toorak mansion Edzell, named after the village in which he was born.

There was no fear of mayor Stewart feeling cramped for room. Mrs Chapman said that Edzell's driveway was what is now St George's Road!

Read more....

The house Dame Nellie sang in

MARC PALLISCO SMH Domain November 13, 2011
Edzell House is currently configured as seven oversized apartments but comes with plans/permits to build a waterfront home.
Edzel House. Photo: State Library of Victoria, Image Number: a31558.
Edzel House. Photo: State Library of Victoria, Image Number: a31558.


Edzel House. Photo: State Library of Victoria, Image Number: a31558.

Lovely Edzell was built in 1892 and is a heritage-protected mansion in the Elizabethan Revival style.
Lovely Edzell was built in 1892 and is a heritage-protected mansion in the Elizabethan Revival style.

Exposed rafters are typical of this style, as is wood paneling and floors
This heritage-protected mansion was built in 1892. It is of Elizabethan Revival design and has been an part of Melbourne's history.
This heritage-protected mansion was built in 1892. It is of Elizabethan Revival design and has been an part of Melbourne's history.

Note bay window with stained glass decoration and extensive wooden trim
external image 76-St-Georges-Road-Toorak-VIC_08_1024-600x400.jpg

Daceyville - NSW's first Garden Suburb

Daceyville - NSW's first Garden Suburb

Previous Page: [Federation Renovations at the Block] Next Page: [Edzell House, Melbourne's very grand mansion]

Daceyville Garden Suburb Urban Conservation Area, Daceyville, NSW , Australia

Photographs
Joffre Crescent Daceyville
Joffre Crescent Daceyville

Daceyville Garden Suburb
Daceyville Garden Suburb

23 Col Braund Cresent
23 Col Braund Cresent

List
Register of the National Estate


Class
Historic


Legal Status
Registered (14/05/1991)


From Australian Heritage Database
  • Daceyville is situated about 6-8 km South of Sydney City on 336 acres between Gardeners Road and EastGardens Shopping complex (see map at end).
    Map of Daceyville, NSW 2032
    Map of Daceyville, NSW 2032
  • Daceyville was the first State Housing Project in New South Wales (NSW), built as a model village of workmen's homes, as an example to shire and municipal councils - a rare social and architectural experiment of great influence on Australian cottage and public estate housing in the twentieth century.
  • Initially designed by architect W H Foggitt under George McRae, Dacey Garden Suburb was intended to occupy 443 acres with a density of seven cottages per acre. It was to be a self contained residential unit and made provision for shops, schools, churches, amusement halls, police and fire stations and a technical college. No sites were set aside for industrial or manufacturing activity.
  • In 1912 John Sulman, in association with John Hennessy, made the first in a series of modifications to the suburb plan, suggesting the location of the major public buildings.
  • W H Foggitt designed the first houses, whose construction materials, colours and forms - hipped and gabled roofs, overhanging eaves with exposed projecting rafters and deeply recessed verandahs, we now call Federation Style.
  • Government architect William Foggitt revised Daceyville's blueprint in 1914. If you stand on Cook Avenue today, facing away from the Kingsford roundabout, Sulman and Hennessey's Daceyville lies to your right and Foggitt's revised suburb to your left.
  • These latter streets are smaller, curvier, and 'friendlier' than their predecessors. Explore Foggitt's Daceyville further, and you will come across Colonel Braund Crescent, Australia's first planned cul-de-sac.

Daceyville Picture Theatre
Daceyville Picture Theatre


Maintenance depot, Dacey Gardens
Maintenance depot, Dacey Gardens


These photos are from the NSW State Records Stream on Flickr
Daceyville house, 1913 - rent 18s 6D
Daceyville house, 1913 - rent 18s 6D


Daceyville house, 1913 - rent 18s 6D

Prize plan type (semi-detached pairs - house and cottage). Cottage let at 18s [shillings] 6D [pence] per week, house let at 21s [shillings] per week, Dacey Garden suburb Dated: 1913


Daceyville house, 1913 - rent 18s
Daceyville house, 1913 - rent 18s


Daceyville house, 1913 - rent 18s

No.1 Design, let at 18s [shillings] per week, Dacey Garden suburb Dated: 1913

And these photos are from Wikipedia on Daceyville suburb

Inside_a_Daceyville_house.jpg
Gardeners Road semi-detached cottages
Gardeners Road semi-detached cottages


Here are original views from the brochure Dacey Garden Suburb: issued by the Housing Board of NSW in 1918 and held at the National Library: nla.aus-vn4931808-p.pdf
Picture_Theatre.gif

Cottages.gif

Semi_Detached_Cottages.gif
Other web links:
"The Housing Department of NSW has recently undertaken major infill developments, in which great pains were taken to design in harmony with the older buildings and rehabilitation of 170 existing cottages.

"Sympathetic new buildings have been sited in land taken from former back yards of older houses in order to increase residential density, but this has changed the original subdivision of the land."
  • Such as this:
Daveyville Endeavour Apartments
Daveyville Endeavour Apartments

  • Finally, a map of the Dacey Garden Suburb
Daceyville - the vision
Daceyville - the vision