Heritage Federation Gardens

Heritage Listed Federation Gardens

Table of Contents

Heritage Listed Federation Gardens

1. The Bunyas, 5 Rogers Avenue, Haberfield, NSW 2045

Garden:

Garden description:

2. House and Garden 'Birida', 108 Brown Street, Armidale, NSW 2350

3. Uloola Garden, 160 Uloola Faulkner Street Armidale NSW 2350

4. Elphin, 601326 24 Anzac Avenue, Newtown, Toowoomba Queensland

5. Williamstown Botanic Gardens. Victoria

6. St Kilda Botanical Gardens

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These are the only Federation era Heritage Gardens that are listed as Heritage in all of Australia.

• If you know of any more, please add them to this page, or add to the discussion.

1. The Bunyas, 5 Rogers Avenue, Haberfield, NSW 2045

• NSW heritage listed

The Bunyas is a fine example of an Arts and Crafts Bungalow that, not withstanding the extent of distortion of its form through the addition of the 'western wing' is substantially intact in both its external and internal fitments and elements. Its primary significance is, however, its direct association with Richard Stanton, the progenitor of Haberfield, and as the major extant work of its architect, John Spencer-Stansfield. (Greg Patch, 6 December 2004) 

A substantial and largely intact house in the then modern Arts & Crafts style, being the only 2 storey house built in the Federation Garden Suburb of Haberfield. Historical associations with Richard Stanton, the builder of the Garden Suburb. (National Trust of Australia (NSW), 1982).

Streetview, The Bunyas, 5 Rogers Avenue, Haberfield, NSW 2045

Garden:

The garden at the Bunyas has been wholly designed and all the little incidentals of its management governed by a woman. Today there is a decidedly pleasing and quite romantic intermingling of the garden of 50 years ago and the garden of more modern times. In one portion there is a gnarled and twisted nearly century old ivy vine (Hedera sp.) once the entrance to the old homestead of John Ramsay, who was the estate's original owner (Dobroyde House/estate). It is one of the most treasured things in the garden and receives unremitting care and attention. The carefully kept grass covered walks and drives too, are somewhat of an innovation in a time when one invariably sees gravel covered walks. These grass-covered walks certainly add to the beauty and freshness of home surroundings (Home & Garden Beautiful, 1913, 145).

Garden description:

A serpentine path leads from front gate to front entrance porch, flanked by beds of shrubs and with two specimen fan palms (Washingtonia sp.) and a NZ cabbage tree (Cordyline australis) specimen on the lawn. 

• A Bunya pine is also visible in this view near the front entrance porch. A view of the garden and side porch shows two Bunya pines beyond the house as backdrop (clearly pre-dating the house and from the Ramsay/Dobroyde estate era), a specimen conifer on the side lawn, a Lord Howe Island palm (Howea (now Kentia) sp.), shrubs and flowers close to the house and porch/verandah, grass strips flanking a curving path that straightens to run alongside the side porch/verandah, a strip ribbon bed within the lawn on the far side of this path and expansive lawn (xii).
• Another photograph of 'a corner of the garden and verandah' shows an open verandah on two sides (a corner) of the house with another serpentine path edged with brick, flanked by lawn, various 'fiddly' flower beds cut in the lawn, a low timber post and rail and 'crinkle wire' fence and timber gate giving onto what appears to be a woodland area, comprising eucalypts (likely to be turpentine ironbark forest, which is native/remnant on the Liberty Plains/Ashfield area), other exotic trees including a Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) etc (147).
• Another photograph (p.151) shows 'a grass covered walk' which is at least 6m wide, edged in brick swale drains, flanked on either side by avenue tree planting. It is not clear what species the trees are, although branch pattern on some suggests Norfolk Island pines, others could be Bunya pines (A.bidwillii).
• A large specimen of what appears to be the tree bird-of-paradise flower (Strelitizia nicolae) with its white and blue flowers and large banana-like leaves is on one corner of this walk (Stuart Read, interpreting 1913 photos in 'Home & Garden Beautiful

2. House and Garden 'Birida', 108 Brown Street, Armidale, NSW 2350

• NSW heritage listed

Probably the best of Armidale City's surviving Federation houses. Most attractive example of the period, displaying an Arts and Crafts influence. Some outstanding detailing. Despite some unsympathetic alterations remains essentially intact.

House and Garden 'Birida'	House and Garden 'Birida'

• Remnant Edwardian garden and camphor laurel tree. Notable in streetscape.

Well planted garden area. Gates altered or replaced. Materials: Face Brick, Rough Cast Render. Number of Stories: 1. Orientation: N. Style: Federation Free Style Style: Federation Arts and Crafts


Remnant Edwardian garden with front gate and gateposts. Fence removed. Brick plinth remains as retaining wall. Large lawn. Steps original but pathway to entrance altered (fine lamp over gate).

Garden layout remains with border planting, twin camphor laurels (to 14m) and typical plants such as cordyline agapanthus, roses, prunus and cypress. Brick circular wall in front garden unsympathetic. A hedge or reconstructed period timber fence would reinforce the period style of this garden and notable building.

3. Uloola Garden, 160 Uloola Faulkner Street Armidale NSW 2350

• Australian Heritage Database

Uloola garden is a large town residence garden established 1908-10, of the Federation Garden style. It is important for as an excellent example of a Federation Mixed Garden style which is demonstrated by S-shaped paths, flower beds in geometric shapes, sloping lawns, herbacious borders, three garden entrances, a picturesque image enhanced by foundation planting, use of flowers in particular roses for colour, and a selection of exotic trees for seasonal display).

The garden demonstrates a high standard of design skills by the balance of spaces, shrubs and flower beds, integrated with the natural land slope, and providing a suitable setting for the House.
The garden is on a large corner block sloping westward and overlooking the centre of Armidale. A broad curving brick edged gravel path diagonally crosses the block and curves back along the terrace before the house.
The street frontages are hedged with cherry laurel and planted thickly with trees and shrubs (pin oaks, liquidamber and prunus). Curved beds of roses and herbaceous plants border the drive and handsome contemporaty wooden gates begin it. The walking path which joins the drive begins at the corner of the block. The house was constructed in 1908 by a builder named Leckie for Mr Slade, and the garden was established by 1910.

4. Elphin, 601326 24 Anzac Avenue, Newtown, Toowoomba Queensland

• Listed on the Queensland Heritage Register
  (Garden now possibly overgrown)
• 

Elphin is a heritage-listed villa at 24 Anzac Avenue, Newtown, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1907 to 1907. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.[1] Elphin was the large home of a wealthy pastoralist, Andrew Crombie. and home and business premises of a bottle merchant, used as flats and is again a home, demonstrates the changing usages of residential properties. 

• Andrew Crombie was a progressive pastoralist involved in promoting the export of frozen lamb and established the first Graziers Association.
• Elphin was built as the town house for Andrew Crombie's wife and family and was primarily for their entertainment.
• For pastoralists and other rural people Toowoomba was important as social and education centre and place to move to when retiring from the land.

Elphin is an excellent example of a large low-set timber house designed by prominent Toowoomba architect William Hodgen in 1907 for Andrew Crombie. 

• According to The Chronicle of 16 January 1988 the house had 15 rooms, including four main bedrooms, two servants' bedrooms plus a guest room. Features included leadlight fanlights and windows, pressed metal ceilings and nine fireplaces.
• The large front garden contains a mixture of mature and recent plantings. A long paved drive down the right hand side leads to the old garage and shed at the very rear of the property.

5. Williamstown Botanic Gardens. Victoria

• Heritage listed in Victoria

The Williamstown Botanic Gardens of 4 hectares was permanently reserved in 1856 as a public park and botanic garden. The creation of the gardens was largely due to the efforts of the citizens of Williamstown who lobbied the Williamstown Council to persuade the State Government to set aside the land and then contributed to its early development through the donation of plants. Plants were also donated by Ferdinand von Mueller, first Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Daniel Bunce, first curator of the Geelong Botanic Gardens.

• Ornamental Lake and Lodge, Williamstown Botanic Gardens

  The gardens were designed by Edward La Trobe Bateman c.1858 and Williamstown municipal surveyor William Bull implemented the design, with significant alterations in the north east corner and the creation of a large pond by S. Thake, curator from 1899-1912.
  
• The gardens feature structures and design characteristic of the Victorian and Edwardian periods, including cast iron entrance gates relocated from Fairlie in South Yarra in 1907 and repaired in 1987, a marble statue of AT Clarke, the local MLA (1891), a rustic pond (1904), a drinking fountain to commemorate the jubilee of the municipality (1906) and rock, timber and concrete edged paths and garden beds from the 1860s.
  
• The layout of the gardens is virtually intact from c.1907 and typifies the geometric layout of Victoria?s earliest botanic gardens, with the design providing a major external vista to Hobsons Bay and a variety of picturesque internal vistas.

The Gardens have scientific (horticultural) significance for their collection of plants, particularly the dominating palm and conifer themes and the large quantity of plants remaining from the Edwardian and Victorian periods. 

• The Crinum asiaticum is rare in cultivation. The 19th century pinetum (a plantation of pine trees or other conifers planted for scientific or ornamental purposes), densely planted with a collection of conifers displaying interesting forms and foliage, is significant as an enclosed dark, evergreen space forming an effective windbreak for the Gardens in their coastal setting.
• It features a central avenue and two outside rows of Cupressus macrocarpa, a row along the south boundary and a Pinus halepensisrow along the east and west boundaries.

The Gardens are socially important for their long and continuous relationship with the citizens of Williamstown, who were largely responsible for their creation and early development and who continue to use them as a place of recreation.

6. St Kilda Botanical Gardens

• Heritage listed in Victoria

The site of the St Kilda Botanical Gardens were established in the 1800's. The municipal council petitioned the Department of Lands and Survey to make this segment of land bordered by Dickens Street, Tennyson Street and Blessington Street a Botanic Garden. 

The gardens were formally established in 1859 when a boundary fence was erected. By 1907 significant donations of money and plant material had led to the establishment of a rosary, extensive flower beds and a nursery. 

Exotic forest trees were planted during the 1870s and Australian species were included in 1932.

Apricot-Passion-rose

"Something wonderful has happened to the roses in the Alister Clarke Rose Garden in the St Kilda Botanical Gardens. Well, it is wonderful to me. Some lovely person has identified these roses and now they have name plaques.(Melbourne Places website)"

• Registered with Heritage Victoria, the gardens contain 810 mature tree specimens eight of which are on the significant tree register. In the 1950s the Alister Clarke Rose Garden was established and a Sub-Tropical Rain-forest conservatory added in the early 1990's. Seasonal displays and local indigenous plants provide a valuable collection to study or sit alongside enjoying a picnic.

• Built features in the gardens include a giant chess board, ornamental pond with Rain Man fountain, children's play space, gazebo, glasshouses and the Eco-centre which facilitates lessons on sustainable living practice. Rain Man is a key element to the ornamental pond and was installed in 2005, designed by Corey Thomas and Ken Arnold he runs on solar power and recycled water from the pond.

The St Kilda Botanical Gardens of 6.4 hectares were permanently reserved in August 1860. The original formal or geometric design for the Gardens was prepared by Tilman Gloystein c1860 and despite many alterations, particularly between 1940-45, it retains elements of the original layout and early features. The principal source of plants for the establishment of the gardens was the Royal Botanic Gardens under the directorship of Ferdinand von Mueller. Mueller appears to have assisted in the supervision of planting and attended the opening ceremony. The Gardens? first curator was well known nurseryman, George Brunning. The Gardens contain striking landscape features which remain intact from the Victorian, Edwardian and Inter-war periods, in particular the Blessington Street gates (1918) and St Kilda City Gardens gates (c1950), the Levi Pavilion, a hexagonal timber pavilion built as a gift from the Levi family (1928), the central north-south axial avenues between Blessington and Dickens Streets (c1860), including the unusual alternating palm avenue, and the central crescent shrubberies and bedding displays. Striking axial vistas are achieved through the central axis which survives unaltered from the period of the Gardens? original layout (1860). The Gardens also contain the Alister Clark Memorial Rose Garden (1950, redeveloped 1985).
How is it significant?

St Kilda Botanical Gardens are of historical, aesthetic, scientific (horticultural) and social significance to the State of Victoria.

Why is it significant?
The St Kilda Botanical Gardens have historical significance as one of Victoria?s earliest botanical gardens and along with Williamstown, as one of only two suburban botanic gardens established in the 19th century in Victoria. They also have historical significance as one of the few surviving formally designed botanical gardens in Victoria. The Gardens are also significant for their strong early associations with Ferdinand von Mueller and early nurseryman George Brunning. 

• The Alister Clark Memorial Rose Garden has historical significance as the state's largest memorial to noted Australian Rosarian Alister Clark.

The St Kilda Botanical Gardens have aesthetic significance for their fine design featuring an axial plan with avenues leading to a circular centrepiece. The brick gutters and bluestone rock edges reinforce the intricate design. This central area is a fine example of formal Victorian garden layout with its circular lawn and surrounding beds of floral displays and is a rare feature in Victoria. The palm avenue, an unusual combination of Phoenix canariensis and Washingtonia robusta, and the ornamental cast iron gates provide a striking and dramatic entry to the Gardens from Blessington Street. The Gardens are also significant for the built and vegetation features which survive from the Victorian, Edwardian and Inter-war periods.
The Gardens have scientific (horticultural) significance for their unusually large collection of rare and unusual mature trees and for their role in perpetuating the tradition of Edwardian municipal gardening displays. The Gardens have an outstanding collection of mature trees, some of which are rare in cultivation and some the finest of their species in Victoria. Such trees include Ulmus pumila which is extremely rare in cultivation in Victoria, a pair of Cassine crocea, Phillyrea latifolia, Olea europea subsp. africana, Celtis occidentalis and an important collection of palms, including the rare Jubaea chilensis and Phoenix sylvestris.

- See more at: http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/2410#sthash.v23LmYKM.dpuf

Great Federation Gardens

Some of the great Federation period gardens

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Table of Contents

Some of the great Federation period gardens

Section 1: Landscaping Influences:

English influences:

Australian influences:

Read more:

Gardenesque to Picturesque Naturalism

"The Garden of Ideas traces this “emparking the Australian” through a series of conceptually bold and deftly executed sections with telling sub-chapter headings such as “Improvers on the loose” unfolding the story of the first government-sponsored developments in the new colonies.

Garden Styles

Queen Anne Revival

Foundation plantings

Flowers in Queen Anne Revival garden

Edwardian informality

Section 2: Beautiful Gardens

1. Retford Park, established by Samuel Hordern in 1887.

2. Markdale: Glorious garden to thrive beyond Open Gardens' demise

3. Milton Park Country House Hotel

4. Open Gardens Australia - Banongill Station,Skiption Vic

Skipton estate Banongill opens to the public

Five beautiful private gardens from Open Gardens Australia

1. Cruden Farm, Victoria.

2. Mendel Garden, Western Australia.

3. Niwajiri, South Australia.

4. Walcott Garden, ACT.

5. Wychwood, Tasmania.

Section 3: Garden Designers

Edna Walling

Bickleigh Vale

The Highlands, Wahroonga

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The Highlands, Wahroonga

I am told that most Federation style gardens have been redesigned or sold off for extra housing! Hopefully not! 

Here I am going to try to point to good Federation style gardens, gardeners and garden designers of that period.

Section 1: Landscaping Influences:

• The Garden Suburb movement which influenced our suburbab spread was made possible by improved sewerage and efficient public transport, leading to the practical dream of a Federation house and a garden of one's own.
• Suburban gardens were established in one of three styles:

1. The Geometrical or formal style, marked by flower beds and shaped borders (the 'parterre' influence) and an influence on the 'Cottage Garden'.
2. The Natural or Informal style ("Nature abhors the straight line") from the influence of the Arts and Crafts movement
3. Mixed style, combining man-made landscaping with naturalism, Spatial divisions or 'rooms' were inter-related with flowing spaces of informal style.

English influences:

Picture: Large herbaceous borders with a mix of perennials replaced Victorian bedding. Credit: Jason Ingram

• Victorian garden styles had enthusiasm for showy hybridized plants made possible by glasshouse horticulture
• The major English Arts and Crafts landscape professionals were Gertrude Jekyll and William Robinson. They substituted a more casual and painterly approach employing naturalized shrubs, wildflowers, and perennials.

  Arts and Crafts Gardens included stonework. Credit: Jason Ingraed

• William Robinson espoused a naturalistic, picturesque style of gardening.
• UK architect Reginald Bloomfield set forth a 'formal' approach oriented more towards architecture than painterly composition.[1]
• The Edwardian Age was characterized by verdant large gardens maintained by large staffs of gardeners. Their designs were an expression of "Art for Art's sake";
• Edwardian gardens displayed an appreciation of historic gardens, re-introducing both intimate scale and spatial enclosure ('rooms'), with also the use of topiary and hedging, with loose, naturalistic planting composition in which colour plays and important role.

Australian influences:

• One of the most influential promoters of the Arts and Crafts movement in Australia was architect Walter Butler. He conceived of the garden as the extension of the house, and it seemed logical for the architect to design both.
• Charles Luffman was an influential figure during the Federation era and championed the new 'informal' or 'natural' styles, specifically with great emphasis on the small garden.
• William Guilfoyle was the major landscape figure during the Victorian era, designing the garden at Rippon Lea at Elsternwick. His influence continued in the Federation period.
• Edna Walling became the twentieth century advocate of naturalistic planting and designed over 300 gardens.

Read more:

• Australia's Timeless Gardens, by Judith Baskin with Trisha Dixon - National Library of Australia:www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/australias_timeless_gardens.pdf

• The Garden of Ideas: Four Centuries of Australian Style, by Richard Aitken - Miegunyah Press, Melbourne 2011
  
  

  Gardenesque to Picturesque Naturalism

  
  

  "The Garden of Ideas traces this “emparking the Australian” through a series of conceptually bold and deftly executed sections with telling sub-chapter headings such as “Improvers on the loose” unfolding the story of the first government-sponsored developments in the new colonies.

  
  
  "The pattern continues through the 19th century of colonial modernism, botanical and horticultural virtuosity and planning for scenic effect, again punctuated with pithy sub-chapter headings such as “Villa, power and privilege” which analyses the rise of new villa estates on the first suburbs of Wolloomooloo in Sydney and New Town in Hobart."

Garden Styles

Queen Anne Revival

Fig.33, Gateway garden feature

Bedding is still in style but architects begin to show an interest in the context of their creations recommending built garden features such as gateways, pavilions, terrace steps, and walls (Fig. 33). These are to be planted with “old fashioned” flowers and trees such as apple, pear, and native trees, surrounded by a mixture of daffodils, yellow tulip, larkspur, bellflower, bachelor button, monkshood, white poppy, white phlox, bleeding heart, briar rose, and peony. Clumps of shrubs are spaced along property lines.

Foundation plantings

Around 1890 foundation plantings of mixed evergreen and deciduous shrubs are sometimes recommended, but the idea of hiding the foundation does not take off until after WWI and does not become common until the 1930s.

Flowers in Queen Anne Revival garden

In the front yard round flowerbeds planted with cannas, caster bean, elephant ears, with coleus and dusty miller edging, are positioned opposite windows, for ease of viewing. Flowers for cutting are planted in the back yard and include china asters, zinnias, stock, and sweet pea. Gardeners avoid the bedding shapes planted in primary colors of earlier Victorian gardens, and showy flowers such as magenta dahlias.

Edwardian informality

Compared with the rigid style of the Victorians, Edwardian gardeners favoured a more relaxed look, with naturalistic planting inside a strongly structured framework.

Edwardian knot garden

Key features were hedges, terraces, sunken gardens, pergolas and arrow-straight paths adorned with informal planting to disguise their geometry. It was a style that barely changed until World War II.

• As today, gardens were designed to look like an extension of the house, often featuring a series of intimate linked spaces formed by hedges and trellises. Old-fashioned fruits – and flowers such as hollyhocks and roses – were key plants, with the aim seeming to be to evoke a distant past.
• The gardens at Hidcote Manor in Gloucestershire, created in 1907 and now owned by the National Trust, are a classic example of Edwardian horticulture – there are hedged rooms with box-edged beds, yew pillars and straight lines are filled with a mix of shrubs, roses, bulbs and perennials such as lavender.

But it was gardening guru Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) who really popularised this style, which is often referred to as 'country garden' yet is more a description of the garden's atmosphere than of its location.

• Jekyll also pioneered new ways of using colour: a border, for instance, could start at one end with blue, grey, white, pale yellow and pale pink flowers, graduating to stronger yellows, oranges and reds.
• She also favoured single colour borders, an idea later taken up in the white garden at Sissinghurst in Kent. Self-seeding was encouraged, with the little daisy known as Mexican fleabane and favourites such as alchemilla happily popping up in the cracks between paving slabs or in gravel paths. Evolving alongside the country garden was the cottage garden. Read more:

Section 2: Beautiful Gardens

1. Retford Park, established by Samuel Hordern in 1887.

Jonathan Chancellor and Margie Blok | 5 September 2014 for PropertyObserver
"Built 1887 for Samuel Hordern, Retford Park is well known for its association with many breeds of livestock imported to Australia and developed there by the Hordern family. The house is a fine example of a Victorian mansion with gardens."

Retford Park, established by Samuel Hordern in 1887: Glorious gardens

Acknowledged as one of the great country gardens of Australia, this magnificent garden was part of the Australia’s Open Garden Scheme for many years.

• James Fairfax now is the keeper of the English park and garden that features magnificent trees, mature shrubberies and hedged garden rooms, all sustainably managed using organic principles.
• Rhododendrons and azaleas at their peak in October.
• Century old bunya bunyas, redwoods and oaks impressed.
• I recall the more freshly planted Wollemi pines.
• There's an impressive collection of classical and contemporary sculptures and that marvellous Guilford Bell swimming pool pavilion.
• One later occasion on a private visit, Jeffrey Smart was there strolling the grounds. Sadly no painting ever emerged to immortalise the pavilion.

The philanthropic former newspaperman James Fairfax intends to gift his historic Retford Park estate in the NSW Southern Highlands.

• Its envisaged the Italianate 1887 residence will sit within a protected 32-hectare heritage curtilage.
• It will be preserved in perpetuity for the community with some funds from the neighbouring prestige residential development being directed into a trust which will pay for the long-term upkeep of the home and gardens.
• The gifting won't take place until subdivision sales take place. I notice they are progressing quite well.
• The Old South Road property, which sits on the southern edge of Bowral’s rapidly suburban expansion, has long sat on about 100 hectares including the land now zoned for subdivision.

Under the proposal, the 29-hectare eastern part of the estate has been subdivided into rural-inspired lots ranging from 8,000 square metres to four hectares lots.

Retford Garden was established in the Federation period.

The philanthropic former chairman of the ailing publishing company that bears his family name, first advised he would bequeath Retford Park for the benefit of the public in an article written by me in 2009 in the Sydney Morning Herald. It was his idea for at least three decades.
Retford Park has been the country home of the arts patron since he paid £15,000 in 1964 for it on a then four-hectare holding.
Retford Park, with an Italianate revival-style mansion, dates back to the 1880s when it was the summer retreat of the retailing Hordern family.

• "I think Retford Park is an important part of the heritage of the Wingecarribee Shire area and provision has been made in my will for the house and the immediate surrounding land, including the garden, to be left in trust to be viewed by future generations," Mr Fairfax told me in 2009.
• Listed on the register of the national estate since 1980, Retford Park takes its name from the village in Nottinghamshire, the northern England town from where Anthony and Ann Hordern immigrated in 1825.
• The grounds have many heritage oaks, an enduring association with the Hordern's retailing business, whose emblem was an oak tree under which were the words: "While I live, I'll grow".

Retford Park: You can see the bones of Federation Filigree style here.

• It was first sold after Anthony's great-grandson, Sir Samuel Hordern, died in 1956, leaving an estate of $279,000. It was briefly owned by the cattle stud operator King Ranch (Australia), of which Edwina Hordern's husband, Peter Baillieu, was managing director.
• In his 1991 book, Regards to Broadway, Fairfax recollected he'd had no plans to buy a country house. "But chatting to Peter Baillieu at a cocktail party in December 1963, I learned that Retford Park and 10 acres [four hectares] of land were to be sold."
• It occurred to James that it might be a suitable place for his mother to stay on her annual six month visits from England.

Fairfax, the eldest son of the late Sir Warwick Fairfax and his first wife, Betty Wilson, then set about regularly buying adjoining rural land.
He also set about enlivening the house.

• "When my offer of £15,000 for the house and 10 acres with an option to buy another 10 in three years was accepted, I went into the usual ‘What on earth have I taken on?’ syndrome, but soon recovered as I got involved in the redecoration which was being done by Leslie Walford," he recalled to Sue Rosen in 2011.
• "Some six months later, in the winter of 1964, I commissioned Donald Friend to paint a mural in the dining room," he said.
• Leslie Walford, who died earlier this year, said in a 2011 interview with Rosen that he recalled flying up to Mittagong with James to inspect the house.
• His first impressions of it was "the garden choking the house".
• "The house was a sort of cow-pat colour, a very unappealing colour. It had thick walls and narrow long slit windows and a tower, a rectangular piece of work with lots of frilly balconies, cast-iron lace and a pretty porte cochere. It had some delicate prettiness added to the strength of the architecture … it was a wonderful looking house."

Colour photos courtesy of Highlife Magazine, which reports on life in the Southern Highlands of Australia.

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2. Markdale: Glorious garden to thrive beyond Open Gardens' demise

• The garden surrounds the homestead of Markdale, a 6,000 acre rural property at Binda, a tiny hamlet near Crookwell in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales.
• Owned by the Ashton family for three generations, the garden began during the 1920s and was re-designed in 1949 by Edna Walling, one of Australia’s most influential landscape designers.

Markdale Homestead. Photo: Danny Kildare. Source: Markdale.com.

The award-winning five-acre garden is featured in many books and magazines on Australian gardening.

• Extensively rejuvenated in recent years, it has a wealth of beautiful features including a long pergola of blue and white wisteria, dry stone walls, dozens of specimen trees, sweeping lawns and a beautiful lake with a Chinese bridge.
• Under the Ashton family’s guidance, the garden retains its strong influence of Walling’s design and plantings. It remains substantially as she planned it - sweeping lawns merging with mown paddock, and informal curved paths leading the eye into hidden depths of the garden and then out to the hills beyond.

During her career Walling’s style changed very little, yet each of her garden designs is individual.

• One of her signatures is the use of stone in low fences, paths and steps to give architectural structure to a garden, and then softening it with dense planting. Her design principles also include creating unity between the garden and the house, while working with the existing landscape and existing features including slopes and trees.
• At Markdale, Walling’s design took advantage of the glorious natural scenery of paddocks and hills. Framing the garden without obscuring the beautiful views to the hills are magnificent trees including golden elms, golden ash and claret ash, silver birch, pinoaks, hawthorns, aspens, spireas, viburnums and native eucalypts.

At the same time Walling was working on the garden, the Ashtons commissioned architect Professor Leslie Wilkinson to redesign the homestead. This unique partnership of Walling and Wilkinson has never been repeated.

Source: Markdale.com.

It was Geoff Ashton (one of four sons of James Ashton who built the original homestead) and his wife, Janet, who hired Walling and Wilkinson. For the past three decades, their son, also named Geoff, and his wife Mary, have maintained the garden, homestead and property.

• They have thought about selling it on and off over the past decade, and I know would simply love for a buyer to emerge who has a passion for the property.

Although Walling’s outline of the garden has changed little, the existing beds have been replanted and developed under the skillful guidance of Mary Ashton. She and her husband took the reins at Markdale in 1983 during one of the worst droughts in recorded history. Sadly, many plants in the garden died during that drought.

• Faced with the enormous task of restoring the Markdale garden, Mary extensively read and researched Walling’s methods and principles to gain insight into her original intent for its design.

Mary took a careful and considered approach to the garden before developing layers of thick planting in beds and borders beside the stone pathways leading to various garden areas which provide a different view from each direction.

Source: Markdale.com.
But the Markdale garden is as much about the use of space and architecture as it is about planting.

• One of its focal points is the lake, and Walling was justifiably proud of its design.
• Among documents held in the Edna Walling Collection, of the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection at State Library of Victoria, is a letter written by Walling to Miss Mervyn Davis that describes her inspiration for the Markdale lake.
• Dated 7 June 1965, Walling’s letter reads: “Dear Mervyn,Re “Markdale”... The best thing I did there was to deal with the erosion in the paddock over which I was taken for a walk on Sunday morning. It was within view of the living room window and when Mrs Ashton told me of their plan to build a series of ... concrete barriers right down the deep ... It seemed to me a pretty poor idea. "Why not dam it back and have a lake" I sez!”

About two and a half hours drive from Sydney, Markdale is a must see for people with a passion for gardens.
And at the property, the Ashton family offer self-catered bed and breakfast accommodation for up to 24 people in two original 1850s stone houses and shearers quarters.

• See more about the Arts and Crafts master garden designer Edna Walling below

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3. Milton Park Country House Hotel

"Considered by many to be the greatest garden in Australia"
Set apart in its own secluded hilltop woodland estate of more than 300 acres just east of Bowral in the beautiful Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Milton Park Country House Hotel & Spa is now a five star hotel.

• Milton Park Country House Hotel has a grand history. Originally known as Mansfield Farm, it was purchased by Sydney retailer, grazier and stock breeder, Anthony Hordern, in 1910. The adjoining 5000-hectare Retford Park was owned by his father, Sam Hordern.
• The heart of the hotel is the mansion, designed by Morrow and de Putron. It demonstrates Federation arts and crafts and has rendered and shingled walls, hipped and gabled roofs, tall chimneys and nouveau detailing.

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In 1961, the property was sold to the King Ranch Company of Texas who set it up as a showpiece for their stud quarter horse and Santa Gertrudis cattle breeding enterprise.

• Edwina Hordern, one of Anthony's daughters, and her husband lived in the house and continued to maintain the garden.
• By 1984, the property was considered financially unviable and was divided into 40-hectare lots which were later sold, leaving the homestead and a four-hectare garden.
• A further 120 hectares comprised the original home, farm, cottages and outbuildings. It was purchased by a consortium and converted into an international standard hotel.

It was sold again in 1989 and the new owner spent $14 million expanding the property to 340 hectares. His plans failed when an investor failed to materialise and the property was sold to Aman Resorts in 1993. Luxury Hoteliers Aman Resorts became a member of the exclusive Relais & Chateaux collection, which includes only the finest luxury hotels from around the globe.

• In 1998 Milton Park was purchased privately by the Dobler Family and the owners have refurbished the estate, the hotel and the gardens to their current magnificent state giving it added touches of comfort and luxury.

Milton Park was built in 1911 by Anthony Horden (1889-1970) and named after the town of Milton on the south coast which was founded by his maternal grandfather, John Booth. The architects were Morrow & De Putron of Sydney.

• The mansion was the focus of entertainment for many members of the Sydney "social set" of the time.
• After the death of Anthony Hordern III's first wife, Viola, in 1929 and following his marriage in 1932 to Ursula Mary Bullmore, changes were made to the house as well as the gardens.
• From 1960-1976 Milton Park was owned by King Ranch (Aust) P/L but Mr P Baillieu and his wife Edwina, a daughter of the Horderns lived there. From 1977 until 1984 the Baillieus remained at Milton Park.
• In 1984 the property was sold and the then new owners, Drs Ron White and John Cooper initiated a program to establish the house as the cone of a country house hotel resort.

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A picturesque Federation bungalow with European influences and Art Nouveau detailing. The deep verandahs have marble floors and steps, the walls are grey cement render. The roofs have big hips with an unusual octagonal tower.

• Trees consisting of Ash, Elm, Maple and Beech were imported from England to initially establish the garden but the garden was redesigned in 1932 by Mrs Mary Hordern who removed hedges and trees to create the long curves and sweeping vistas of today.
• During the 1930s special trees were imported and certain plants grafted and espaliered for effect. The garden is grand, of an Edwardian style which exhibits Arts and Crafts characteristics with compartmentalised areas having distinct themes. These areas are separated by changes in levels and tree screens.

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• The garden has a number of features including the sunken garden with its cross shaped pond, an herbaceous border, roses trained on hoops, a walled rose garden in a box hedged parterre, topiary birds, a waterfall pool, an oak grove and ornate iron gates.
• As well the garden has enframmed vistas which overlook forested hills.
  

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• The grounds are undulating and tree clad, and farm outbuildings and workers' cottages are dispersed to the east and south of the homestead. The tree clad grounds provide the attractive setting for the homestead and garden. Milton Park Homestead is used for commercial purposes and the 10ha gardens are amongst the most well known of the Australian gardens. They are open each year to the public for one month in Spring.

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Milton Park’s world renowned garden was designed by the English School of Landscape and remains the only work undertaken outside of Europe by that esteemed academy.

Milton Park gardens and homestead demonstrate exceptional design in the unusual large homestead with its well integrated Porte Cochere, verandahs and period detailing; the garden layout with distinct areas and garden themes linked by curving paths; the contrived vistas from the garden and house; and the complementing stylistic interpretation of house and garden also display creative achievement.

• The place is rich in cultural features including ornate metal gates, feature garden areas with ponds, statues, and grafted and espaliered plants, the architectural detailing of the building; and the contrived vistas of the natural landscape.

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4. Open Gardens Australia - Banongill Station,Skiption Vic

ABC September 03, 2011 , 10:14 AM by Kulja Coulston

Skipton estate Banongill opens to the public

September 5, 2014

Banongill Estate. PICTURES: Supplied

Banongill Station has a long history. It is situated in the heart of the Western District in the area first discovered by Major Mitchell and settled in the 1830’s.

• The Mt Emu Creek formed the backbone for these first settlements and in 1853 a blue stone cottage was built here and is now part of the homestead kitchen.

Alexander Wilson purchased Banongill in 1873 and it was sold in 1897 to Charles Fairbairn. 
The Fairbairn family owned the property for nearly 100 years. In 1975 Michael & Diana Lempriere purchased Banongill. They owned the property until 2006 and made extensive renovations to the homestead, farm buildings and totally rejuvenated the garden.

The Banongill garden surrounds the main homestead of a large rural property. It is over 14 acres in size and has the distinction of being only one of a handful of gardens designed by 19th century landscape designer William Guilfoyle.

• Although the garden was designed by William Guilfoyle over 100 years ago, it is not a garden locked in time. It does retain his distinctive design elements – vast sweeping lawns wide gravelled pathways, unusual plants, rockeries with succulents and the signature feature of three Canary Island palms.

This is only part of the garden. Meandering paths along daffodil strewn slopes, the vast bluestone terraces filled with magnificent spring bulbs, an immense wisteria covered pergola, a hidden grotto, a wild garden festooned with blossoms and bulbs in spring and formal vegetable gardens and orchards. A beautiful bluestone seat is a new addition to the wild garden built, by Michael Sturgeon, and an excellent place to enjoy a coffee.

Vic-banongill

The Banongill Garden, like many other in the Skipton District was extensively damaged by the flood waters from the Emu Creek in September 2010 and January 2011.

• Unfortunately the swing bridge was swept away and we have been unable to replace it in time for the opening of the Garden. The daffodil display on the Northern side of the creek is very visible from the wild garden on the southern side of the creek. We hope to have the bridge rebuilt in the near future. The very old original bridge into the property was also swept away and we miss having this access to the creek, and we are saddened by its loss.

The wild garden is the most changed since the floods. Many trees were washed away from the banks and many others were damaged and needed to be removed. The gardeners removed loads of debris from the main garden in the great clean up. The Garden is still a beautiful place to visit and the vistas and daffodils are as lovely as ever. The Garden is continually evolving and we like others are beholder to nature.
The garden you see now is the culmination of nearly 100 years of dedication and care by all previous owners to Guilfoyle’s early vision.

Comment:

• I was most impressed by this garden. I had never seen a Crazy Filbert, the daffodil display was colourful and the Wisteria was huge (I just wish I could see it in flower). Some of the trees took my breath away, especially the Oak and the Eucalypts beside the river growing every which way. The owners and their staff are to be congratulated on the maintenace of this garden in what have been very trying conditions. Thankyou for a wonderful day.

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Five beautiful private gardens from Open Gardens Australia

Australia Post is featuring five beautiful private gardens from Open Gardens Australia in a stamp issue.

• Open Gardens Australia began life as Victoria’s Gardens Scheme in 1987, broadening to become a national program in 2000.
• Since the organisation’s beginning, it has showcased some 10,000 gardens.
• Around 500 new private gardens are open to the public each season.
• It is estimated that around 200,000 adults visit the gardens annually.
• There are five domestic base rate (70c) stamps and products available from 2 September 2014.

The gardens on the stamps are:

Australia Post gives the green thumbs up!

1. Cruden Farm, Victoria.

• see also Cruden farmhouse designed by Architect Harold Desbrowe-Annear
• 
  
• The late Dame Elisabeth Murdoch established the historic garden within a working farm more than 80 years ago, engaging, among others, renowned landscape designer Edna Walling. It is a founding garden in Open Gardens Australia.
  "More than eighty years in the making and the heart of a working farm, the garden at Cruden Farm is a small piece of country set amid dense suburbia. It feels as if it will endure forever.
• Strong, healthy trees of all ages and hues form its backbone and its character.
• Grass adds texture – emerald lawns, rough-cut swathes, paddocks bleached in the sun.
• Water in lakes and pools gives depth, dimension and sparkle.
• Exuberant flowering shrubs and perennials produce months of vibrant colour, then comes the bare-boned delicacy of winter…"

Spring at Cruden Farm

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2. Mendel Garden, Western Australia.

• Award-winning landscape designer Janine Mendel developed this wonderful urban garden, which comprises three courtyards, with the stamp showing the lush, subtropical entry courtyard.
  
  "Janine believes less is more and that, by its very nature, good design should tread lightly on the planet. "Great design is not about slavishly following current trends.
  A beautiful garden nurtures the soul, complements the house it adorns, and contributes to the streetscape."
  
  "Great gardens start with great designs by multi-award winning Perth landscape designer and author of "Urban Sanctuary" & "Quintessentially Oz" Janine Mendel."
  Get the book 'Urban Sanctuary – designing small gardens' by Janine Mendel [$59.95 Hardie Grant Books]

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3. Niwajiri, South Australia.

Steve Hailstone developed Niwajiri in the Adelaide Hills in the late 1980s. Displaying European, Japanese and Australian influences, Niwajiri has been meticulously planned and planted.

"We want life here at Niwajiri to be:

• Beautiful – beautiful food, beautiful plants, beautiful sounds smells and textures, and beautiful pictures from every window.
• Grow abundant fresh healthy fabulous tasting organic food, including plenty for preserves and to give away.
• "Celebrate the cycling of the seasons.
• "We love gardening, so maintenance is a joy, as are having projects to work on. However, we are not fans of unnecessary work, so systems need to function well and as easily as possible. (design so that the right thing to do is the easiest thing to do)
• "Abundant flowers to bring inside.
• The garden must be appealing whether freshly clipped and tidied or left to its own devices while we are busy or away."
  
  

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4. Walcott Garden, ACT.

• First developed in 1926 and redesigned by Helen Cohen in 2003, this water-wise garden reflects the vision of its owners, focusing on native plant species, textured foliage and an informal landscape design.
  
  "Very few gardens are as fortunate as 10 Wickham Close, Red Hill.
  Ros and Ben
  Walcott have re-interpreted the 1920’s garden to provide a wonderful habitat for Australian plants and birds, and have also created an environment of beauty and surprise which surrounds their well-designed house."
  
  "The garden is made up of more than 4000 plants and 700 different species, most of which are Australian natives, and is visited by more than 50 species of bird. Mr Walcott said they were influenced by the time they spent in south west America, where they grew native plants because they were adapted to using less water and it was more environmentally friendly.
  
  "We decided to create a garden that was attractive to wildlife, yet at the same time was neat and tidy. Native plants like a bit of care, pruning, fertilizer and water, not as much as exotic, which is why it's predominately native plants." Read more:
  
  

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5. Wychwood, Tasmania.

• This is a superbly designed contemporary cool-climate garden among the rolling hills of northern Tasmania. A focal point in the tranquil garden is a seven-ring classical labyrinth, created through careful grass mowing.

The garden at Wychwood, at the foot of the Great Western Tiers in northern Tasmania, is one of the world's most magical places. Wychwood combines Scandinavian design sensibilities with temperate-climate country-garden charm. 

And to top it off, the idyllic Mole Creek, which is home to brown trout and a platypus, runs through the back of the property. 
Wychwood commemorates a garden 
over 22 years in the making, brought to life by a very special family who dreamt of the simple life in Tasmania. 

The book details the evolution of the garden from bare paddock to world-class attraction, with its iconic labyrinth, espaliered fruit trees, naturalistic planted beds and curved, clipped lawns. It gives the reader insight into the techniques and secrets that make the design of this garden so successful, offering inspiration and encouragement at every turn, and for every level of gardener. 
Peter Cooper's beautiful and haunting photography captures how the garden has transformed with the changing seasons and settled into its surroundings.
Get the book ‘Wychwood’;
Published by Murdoch Books and available in Australia and UK in all good bookshops.

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The Open Gardens Australia stamps are designed by Simone Sakinofsky of Australia Post Design Studio, using photographs by Ben Wrigley (Cruden Farm), Steve Hailstone (Niwajiri), Janine Mendel (Mendel Garden), Ben Walcott (Walcott Garden) and Simon Griffiths (Wychwood).

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The Highlands - Private with circular drive and grand entranceThe key word is "space" in the house and garden

Garden the work of landscape designer, Gordon Sykes (Highlands, Wahroonga; Windy Ridge, Mt Wilson)

Markdale garden designed by Edna Walling

Section 3: Garden Designers

Edna Walling

Edna Walling designed over 300 gardens between 1920 and 1960 when most women were homemakers. Today her gardens are still considered to add value to real estate. Her achievements and the gardens themselves are acclaimed. 

* Edna Walling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna_Walling Edna Walling Memorial Garden in Buderim, Queensland. Walling ... With its uniquecollection of charming houses and gardens Bickleigh Vale is one of her most ...You've visited this page 2 times. Last visit: 14/08/15* Biography - Edna Margaret Walling - Australian Dictionary of ... adb.anu.edu.au/biography/walling-edna-margaret-11946 La Trobe Picture Collection, State Library of Victoria, H96.150/278. Edna MargaretWalling (1895-1973), garden designer, was born on 4 December 1895 at ... Images for Edna Walling Markdale, nearCrookwell, New South Wales – garden designed by Walling in 1947: * Bed and breakfast accomodation for the Markdale Edna ... www.markdale.com/.../garden-bb-acccomodation-and-edna-wallling/ Edna Walling's signature. The pergola of blue and white wisteria, the stunning golden and weeping elms, the profusion of roses, the stone-walled garden and ... Garden path at Markdale * Edna Walling Gardens on Pinterest | Australian Garden ... https://www.pinterest.com/zedna/edna-walling-gardens/ Explore Edna Boland's board "Edna Walling Gardens" on Pinterest, a visual bookmarking tool that helps you discover and save creative ideas | See more about ... * Edna Walling: Non-Fiction Books | eBay www.ebay.com.au/bhp/edna-walling This book is a collection of about 100 black and white photographs taken by Edna Walling from the 1930's and 1940's gardens she designed. The photographs ... * Edna Walling's life of many paths - The Australian www.theaustralian.com.au/.../edna-wallings.../story-fngmet9f-12269522... Jun 14, 2014 - The landscape gardens for which Edna Walling (1895-1973) was ... magnificent vistas and were replete with collections of plants from the ... * The Unusual Life of Edna Walling - Allen & Unwin https://www.allenandunwin.com/.../The-Unusual-Life-of-Edna-Walling-... Edna Walling designed over 300 gardens between 1920 and 1960 when most women were homemakers. Today her gardens are still considered to add value ...You visited this page on 15/08/15.* Edna Walling, Landscape Designer Factsheet - Gardening ... www.abc.net.au/gardening/stories/s147137.htm Jun 16, 2000 - Boredom of idleness sent me off in search of my lifes true work wroteEdna Walling about enrolling at Burnley Horticultural College in ...* Walling, Edna - The Australian Women's Register www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0038b.htm English born Edna Walling (1895-1973) is known today as one of Australia's ... A Gardener's Log, a collection of Home Beautiful articles, was first published in ...

Edna Walling was born in Yorkshire and grew up in the village of Bickleigh in Devon, England. When she was fourteen years old she emigrated to New Zealand and three years later moved with her family toMelbourne, Victoria, Australia. Walling studied horticulture at Burnley College and after some years as a jobbing gardener she commenced her own landscape design practice in the 1920s,[1] and "went on to design some significant Arts and Crafts gardens".[2] In the 1920s, Walling began to develop a village at Mooroolbark on the outskirts of Melbourne called Bickleigh Vale. With its unique collection of charming houses and gardens Bickleigh Vale is one of her most acclaimed achievements.[1] It was designed to be 'the nucleus of an English village'[3] and she built the first cottage, named after the village of Sonning on the River Thames in England, as her own home. She sold subdivisions of the land only to people who were prepared to accept designs for cottage and garden prepared by her. In 1935 Walling's assistant Miss Crouch had her hands 'severely cut' breaking a window to free two cats after a fire started at Sonning.[3] In 1935 Ellis Stones built a wall for her. Recognizing his ability—which she called 'a rare thing this gift for placing stones' – she suggested that he work for her. She gave him a free hand to create walls, outcrops, pools and paths in her gardens at some of Melbourne's finest homes. Their best collaboration was seen in a free-form swimming pool and outcrop, built in 1939-40 for Edith Hughes-Jones at Olinda, Victoria In 1926, Walling began contributing regularly to Australian Home Beautiful. Her design practice grew and she worked across Australia, in Perth, Hobart, Sydney, and Buderim in Queensland. Her Victorian commissions included designing the lily pond for Coombe Cottage,Dame Nellie Melba's residence inColdstream, in the Yarra Valley Ranges; Durrol for Mrs Stanley Allen at Mount Macedon; Rock Lodge garden for Mrs PF O'Collins in Frankston; Cruden Farm garden for Mrs Keith Murdoch (later Dame Elisabeth), Langwarrin (Gardening Australia website: Cruden Farm). Vision Of Edna Walling - Trisha Dixon One of her most intact NSW commissions is Markdale, Binda ([1]). Her plans from the 1920s and 1930s show a strong architectural framework with 'low stone walls, wide pergolas and paths – always softened with a mantle of greenery'.[4] She later drew inspiration from the Australian bush, creating a more naturalistic style with boulders, rocky outcrops and indigenous plants.[4] In small suburban gardens, Walling created garden 'rooms' in order to make the garden appear far larger than it actually was.[4] Her designs were heavily influenced by her experience of the Devon countryside as a child and designers such asGertrude Jekyll. She was the author of several books on landscape design: Gardens in Australia 1943, Cottage and Garden in Australia 1947 and A Gardener's Log 1948 In the 1950s, Walling became interested in the conservation of roadside vegetation and was a prolific writer in the press on the subject as well as her 1952 book The Australian Roadside. According to Trisha Dixon, Walling was an important influence on Australian gardening, steering tastes away from an Anglo-centric heritage towards a respect for the Australian climate and landscape.[5] The lake at Markdale In 1967, she moved from Melbourne to Bendles at Buderim in Queensland, where she had hoped to further develop the village concept but it did not progress.[4] Despite her ill-health during her last years at Bendle, Walling continued to write prolifically, rewriting manuscripts, corresponding to newspapers on environmental issues, and trying to republish her books.[4] About a quarter of Walling's designs survive and these are held in the State Library of Victoria and in private collections in Tasmania, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria.[4]

Bickleigh Vale John visits Bickleigh Vale Village, designed by legendary gardening designer, Edna Walling. Presenter: John Patrick, 06/09/2008 Edna Walling was Australia’s greatest garden designer between the 1920s and the late 1950s. She was born in England, but migrated to Australia when quite young and studied horticulture at Burnley Horticultural College during the years of the Great War. In the 1920s, she set up her landscape design practice. Although focusing primarily on Victoria – Melbourne’s western district, the Macedon Ranges and the Dandenong Ranges, she also designed gardens over the greater part of Australia. One of her greatest achievements is the wonderful collection of houses and gardens at Bickleigh Vale, to the east of Melbourne, where she not only designed the garden, but the houses also.  Bickleigh Vale is the epitome of Edna Walling. It is named after a village in Devon where Edna Walling grew up. The cottages, which are located along a cul-de-sac, have British names too. There is 'Glencairn', 'The Sheilan', 'Downderry', 'The Barn' and 'Badgers Wood'.  Design elements of Bickleigh Vale include: * Cottages that sit in the landscape setting without dominating. * Beautiful stonework in the buildings and the paths, which don’t intrude on the lawn. * A series of outside rooms. * Sensitivity to site – quite relaxed, informal and romantic. * Plant massing to frame the lawn that spreads through the garden, leading the eye. * English cottage plants such as helabore, azalea, daphne, berberis and viburnum. * Trees include oak, beech and birches. * Gateways that link the cottages.

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1. ^ Elizabeth Barlow Rogers, "Landscape Design" p. 316